How Uric Acid Affects Your Blood Pressure and Health

Uric acid is a blood biomarker that goes far beyond its traditional association with gout. This metabolite, a product of purine breakdown in DNA and RNA, plays a crucial role in our cardiovascular and metabolic health. Understanding its impact will allow you to make informed decisions about your well-being.

What is uric acid and why should you care?

Uric acid is produced when our body breaks down purines, basic components of DNA and RNA. It also arises from fructose metabolism, which explains why certain dietary patterns can significantly influence its levels.

Health problems associated with elevated levels:

Gout: Uric acid crystallization in joints causes severe inflammation, especially in the big toe
Kidney stones: Urate stones represent a common form of kidney stones
High blood pressure: Mendelian randomization studies confirm a direct causal relationship

Scientific evidence shows that when uric acid levels increase, blood pressure also rises. This connection is particularly important because hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Factors that influence uric acid levels

Non-modifiable factors

Gender differences: Men have naturally higher levels (0.5-1 mg/dL more than women), probably due to the protective effects of estrogen.

Genetics: Uric acid heritability is 40%, meaning nearly half of your level is genetically determined.

Age: Levels increase with age, especially in women after menopause, when estrogen levels decrease.

Modifiable factors

Diet:

Excessive fructose consumption (especially in liquid form)
Purine-rich foods: red meat, sardines, shellfish
Beer consumption (contains yeast rich in genetic material)

Medications:

Diuretics (commonly used for blood pressure)
Low-dose aspirin

Metabolic states:

Nutritional ketosis or prolonged fasting
Intense anaerobic exercise (temporary effect)

Practical tips to maintain healthy levels

Effective dietary strategies

Reduce fructose consumption:

Limit sugary drinks and fruit juices
Prefer whole fruits over concentrated juices
Read labels to identify high fructose corn syrup

Moderate purines:

Consume red meat in moderation
Include more plant protein sources
Limit beer and alcohol consumption

Monitoring and follow-up

Regular testing: Request uric acid analysis in your annual checkups, especially if you have risk factors such as:

Family history of gout
Elevated blood pressure
Overweight or obesity
Type 2 diabetes

Target values: Maintain levels below 6 mg/dL for men and 5.5 mg/dL for women.

Special considerations

If you practice intermittent fasting or ketogenic diets, consider monitoring your uric acid levels, as these states can temporarily elevate them. Consult with your doctor if you experience joint pain during these periods.

Uric acid is more than a simple gout marker; it's an important indicator of your cardiovascular and metabolic health. By understanding the factors that influence it and taking proactive measures, you can optimize your long-term well-being and reduce the risk of complications related to blood pressure and cardiovascular health.